According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion. Bungy jumping is an increasingly popular sport, with a growing clientele of. Or aan imaginary surface passing through particles oscillating with same phase is known as. Wave optics is an important topic from jee main jee advanced exam point of view.
Preliminaries we have seen that a monochromatic traveling plane light wave can be represented by a sine wave with a welldefined frequency and amplitude moving with a constant. A new method for beamline simulation combining raytracing and wavefront propagation is described. Chapter notes wave optics, class 12, physics class 12. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 10 wave optics wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light.
Consider a ray of light incident from air onto a slab of glass refractive index n of width d, at an angle the phase difference between the ray reflected by the top surface of the glass and. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light, but also includes a brief introduction to the quantum description of light. Linear ray and wave optics in phase space 1st edition bridging ray and wave optics via the wigner phasespace picture. Diffraction occurs when the wavelength and dimension of aperture or slit through which it is passing becomes comparable. Linear ray and wave optics in phase space 1st edition. At a basic level, the book is a complete introduction to the wigner optics, which bridges between ray and wave optics, offering the optical phase space as the ambience and the wigner function.
Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. In the present book, there are two consecutive chapters, one on ray optics and the other on wave optics. Spherical lens numerical, microscope, telescope, ray diagrams, snells law, image formation by spherical mirrors, reflecting telescope. What is the distinction between a ray and a wave in. Integrating waveoptics and 5x5 ray matrices for more accurate. Ray techniques in electromagnetics semantic scholar. Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. The wave optics class notes pdf is the compilation of detailed theory part, solved examples, hc verma questions and previous year questions.
Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics. Class 12 important questions for physics wave optics. Workshop tutorials for biological and environmental physics wr1b. Each ray has a specific wavelength in the range of visible light. In this situation, as you will learn in chapter 10, a light wave can be considered to travel from one point to another, along a straight line joining. A light ray is a line or curve that is perpendicular to the lights wavefronts and is therefore collinear with the wave vector. If the mirror is inclined at an angle with the horizontal then what is the. A wave front is the locus of points having the same phase of oscillation. Integrated optics implies optics, and quasioptical methods that combine ray and guidedwave techniques are found to be extremely useful for that discipline. Waveoptics, ray matrices, image rotation, image translation, optical system modeling. Ray approximation 1 when the wavelength of the light is much smaller than the size of the optical objects it encounters, it can be treated as colored rays. Introduction waveoptics and ray matrices are two techniques that have been used for many years to model complex optical systems. Combination of waves in general, when we combine two waves to form a composite wave, the composite wave is the algebraic sum of the two original waves, point by point in space superposition principle.
As the wave propagates, let us assume in the positive x direction, any point on the wave pattern is displaced by dx in. Which travel in all directions with the velocity of light in the medium. Geometric optics describes how rays propagate through an optical system. If we are feeling a bit silly, we might combine these into a. The speed of light in a medium depends upon the nature of medium. A mirror whose shape is part of a circle, which is defined by. This document is highly rated by class 12 students and has been viewed 6080 times. Download wave optics class notes pdf free of cost from below and share the post. Ray optics and optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. Waveoptics infrastructure exists complete ray tracing is complex and time consuming 5x5 ray matrices simple to implement, fast, sufficient to add desired effects consistent with.
Physics of light and optics justin peatross michael ware brigham young university august 14, 2008. Important topics and formulae in ray optics and wave. Propagation, interference and diffraction of waves. Teaching fourier optics through ray matrices request pdf. State the principle of superposition and show how it is used to combine two. In this paper, we present an optical model for light field microscopy based on wave optics, instead of previously reported ray optics models. We then present a methodology to combine it with waveoptics to obtain a more complete optical model. Preface this book provides an introduction to the eld of optics from a physics perspective. Allen institute wave optics class notes pdf for jee main. National council of educational research and training ncert book for class xii subject. The direction of propagation is perpendicular to the wavefronts or wave crests and is represented by an arrow like a ray.
Augment our waveoptics with a 5x5 ray matrix formalism based on simplified ray tracing. The next chapter discusses a variety of applications in imaging that stem from these ideas. The distance between successive wave fronts is the wavelength. Basic concepts and contemporary trends combines classical optics with some of the latest. Revision notes on ray optics and optical instruments. Optics physical optics wave optics quantum optics geometrical optics.
We also present a 3d deconvolution method for light field microscopy that is able to reconstruct volumes at higher spatial resolution, and with better optical sectioning, than previously reported. This is for 1 marks answer, i hope you fine it useful. Wave optics wave front the wave front at any instant is defined as the locus of all the particles of the medium which are in the same state of vibration. The corpuscular model predicted that if the ray of light on refraction bends towards the normal then the speed of light would be. A parallel beam of rays emerges from a linesegment, with density controlled by the ray density slider. Basic concepts and contemporary trends request pdf. It is extremely useful for designing ordinary lenses.
We have already studied that the geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole while. If we are feeling a bit silly, we can combine these into a single identity. General physics 2 geometric optics 16 sign conventions focal length positive for converging lenses negative for diverging lenses object distance positive if the object is on the side of the lens from which the light is coming this is usually the case otherwise, it is negative virtual object. When the dimension of the respective system is much larger than the wave length we can neglect the wave properties and consider it to be a ray. That is, the normal is along the radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the mirror to the point of incidence. Questions in this class notes are solved in a very easy and simple manner using short. Brewsters law, lens formula, youngs double silt experiment.
Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as xrays, microwaves, and radio waves. A slightly more rigorous definition of a light ray follows from fermats principle, which states that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time geometrical optics is often simplified by making the. We will instead spend most of this book making use of a simpler model of light, the ray model, which does a fine job in most practical situations. Rays are the lines perpendicular to the wavefront, which show the direction of propagation of energy. Wave optics theory and 3d deconvolution for the light.
The ray matrix technique is a fast way to gain an understanding of how a ray of light propagates through a series of. They bend at the interface between two dissimilar media and may be curved in a medium in which the refractive index changes. If the distance between aperture and screen much smaller than i. For quick reference, here is a list of the formulae that are involved. It is a medium through which light is propagated partially. Pdf measuring students conceptual understanding of wave optics. Integrating waveoptics and 5x5 ray matrices for more.
This formulation cannot replace the complete explanation of fourier optics provided by the wave theory, but it is a complementary tool useful to simplify many aspects of fourier optics and to. Rays emerge from a single point, with number controlled by the ray density slider. Ray and waveoptics markus selmke, frank cichos molecular nanophotonics, institute of experimental physics i, university of leipzig, 04103, leipzig dated. Apr 30, 2020 chapter notes wave optics, class 12, physics class 12 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 12. Assumes that light is a stream of particles called photon. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments free pdf download. Wave optics propagation, interference and diffraction of waves axel kuhn, oxford 2016 paul ewarts lecture notes and problem sets. Please practice these derivations from optics to excel in physics for class 12 cbse physics. It is a medium through which light can be propagated easily.
The basic analogy with the optics of charged particles inherently underlying the rayoptics picture in phase space is also evidenced within the waveoptics picture in the wigner phase space. Request pdf linear ray and wave optics in phase space ray, wave and quantum concepts are central to diverse and seemingly incompatible models of. Ray optics treats light as either traveling in a straight line, refracting at a surface or reflecting at a surface and then continuing in a straight line to another surface. Waves and optics regular waves and optics worksheets and solutions wr1b. A light ray is a line straight or curved that is perpendicular to the lights wavefronts. Ray optics is the study of rays travelling along a line until reflected by a reflecting surface where as wave optic is the study of rays that can travel as like a wave and the the terms optics means bundle of rays travelling together. Depending on this two different cases we use the terms geometrical optics or physical optics. The time taken for light to travel from one wavefront to another is the same. Wavefront of a wave, at any instant, is defined as the locus of all the particles in the medium which are being disturbed at the same instant of time and are in the same phase of vibration. Here we have covered important questions on wave optics for class 12 physics subject. Every year there are 12 questions asked from this topic. In fact, the full description of light as a wave can be rather cumbersome.
Knowing this, however, is not the same as knowing everything about eyes and telescopes. August 29, 2012 using fermats least optical path principle the family of raytrajectories through a special but common type of. When we add the two waves we need to take into account their. Wave properties becomes important interferences, diffractionch. Linear ray and wave optics in phase space request pdf. Here we are providing allen institute wave optics class notes pdf for jee main 2018 exam.
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